Vortex fountains and methods of use

ABSTRACT

A fountain has: a water source; a housing; a vortex chamber defined within the housing, the vortex chamber connected to receive water from the water source; a bubble chamber defined within the housing and connected to receive water from the vortex chamber and cause air bubbles to percolate within the bubble chamber; and a water outlet defined in the bubble chamber. A fountain has: a water source; a housing; a vortex chamber defined within the housing, the vortex chamber connected to receive water from the water source; a second chamber defined within the housing and connected to receive water from the vortex chamber; and a plurality of water outlets defined in the second chamber.

TECHNICAL FIELD

This document relates to vortex fountains and methods of use.

BACKGROUND

Vortex fountains are known that circulate water in a vortex through anampule or a cylinder, with or without internal lighting, for drinking orother purposes. Bubble walls exist that produce bubbles in thinplat-like water tanks. Regular siphons, siphon fluids from a higher tolower level and do not allow a visible vortex to occur while siphoning.Regular siphons need to be primed in an inconvenient manner in order tofunction. Shake siphons are primed in a convenient manner; however, theyrequire shaking and produce no vortex. Presently siphons are not knownto be an interchangeable fountain component and do not produce a flowingvortex when powered by a pump or while in normal siphon operation.

SUMMARY

A fountain is disclosed comprising: a water source; a housing; a vortexchamber defined within the housing, the vortex chamber connected toreceive water from the water source; a bubble chamber defined within thehousing and connected to receive water from the vortex chamber and causeair bubbles to percolate within the bubble chamber; and a water outletdefined in the bubble chamber.

A fountain is disclosed comprising: a water source; a housing; a vortexchamber defined within the housing, the vortex chamber connected toreceive water from the water source; a second chamber defined within thehousing and connected to receive water from the vortex chamber; and aplurality of water outlets defined in the second chamber.

A fountain is disclosed comprising: a water source; a housing; a vortexchamber defined within the housing, with a supply line connected tosiphon water from the water source into the vortex chamber; and a wateroutlet connected to drain water from the housing.

A fountain may have a siphon with a curved inlet chamber. This allows avortex to occur during operation and provides a removable lid forconvenient, self-priming, filling ease. The fountain may have a dualfunctionality ability being both a vortex siphon (without pump) andvortex fountain (when a pump is applied). Both functional aspects of thefountain may be used interchangeably or separate from each other. Theintake tube of the fountain may be connected to the curved inlet chamberthat guides incoming fluid round the periphery of the chamber, thusinducing a vortex. The chamber may contain fluid and maintain its fluidlevel, in order to maintain the vortex. In siphon operation this may bedone by controlling the outflow. In siphon operation the outlet may bethe same size as the inlet or smaller. The smaller the outlet, thenarrower the vortex becomes. In siphon operation if the outlet is biggerthan the inlet then the fluid level within the chamber may drain out andcease to operate as intended. In fountain operation as long as the pumpcan keep up to the outflow, fluid level within the chamber will bemaintained.

The lid on the chamber may be beneficial to both siphon and fountain. Onthe siphon, the lid provides the user easy access to fill the chamberwith fluid before operation. This self-primes the siphon in a convenientmanner. In fountain operation the lid may not be necessary as long asthe pump can match or exceed the outflow of the fluid; however, itprovides a convenient and novel method of housing for lighting thevortex fountain, which is beneficial. The vortex chamber may be attachedto a second chamber that creates an aesthetically pleasing, interstitialeffect that can be used to divert and enhance the outflow of fluid. Whenused as a fountain, the fountain may be mounted to a reservoir, a basin,a stand, a table, counter, or shelf top, a wall, a wall-mounted plate,or a base-plate.

In various embodiments, there may be included any one or more of thefollowing features: The vortex chamber is located above the bubblechamber and separated by a partition plate with an opening that fluidlyconnects the vortex chamber and the bubble chamber. An upper surface ofthe partition plate is tapered with decreasing width toward the bubblechamber. The upper surface forms a funnel that terminates in theopening. An underside of the partition plate is shaped to define anannular cavity that forms an upper portion of the bubble chamber. Theupper surface is planar. The partition plate is a planar ring. Duringuse an upper portion of the bubble chamber is filled with air. The wateroutlet has a minimum cross-sectional flow area that is larger than aminimum cross-sectional flow area defined between the vortex chamber andthe bubble chamber. The water outlet comprises a plurality of wateroutlets. The plurality of water outlets are arranged at differentangular positions about an encircling side wall of the housing. Thehousing is cylindrical. A basin positioned underneath the bubblechamber. A base end of the water outlet is spaced above a water level inthe basin. The water source comprises the basin, and further comprisinga supply line connected between the basin and the vortex chamber, with apump on the supply line. The water source is positioned at a relativelygreater height than the vortex chamber with a supply line connected tosiphon water from the water source into the vortex chamber. A waterinlet defined in the vortex chamber and connected to the water source,in which the water inlet is oriented to direct incoming water to rotatearound an interior encircling surface of a side wall of the housing. Thewater inlet is defined at an end of a curved supply line that wraps atleast partially around the interior encircling surface. The water outletis structured to be always open. A top end of the housing defining thevortex chamber is open ended, and further comprising a lid positioned onthe top end. One or more light sources oriented to direct light throughthe lid. A filter on one or more of the water outlet or a supply lineconnected between the water source and the vortex chamber. Operating thefountain to cycle water through the vortex chamber. Operating thefountain to cycle water through the vortex chamber and the bubblechamber. An ultraviolet light source oriented to direct ultravioletlight into water within the housing. An electricity generator connectedto generate electricity by converting energy from the movement of waterthrough the fountain.

These and other aspects of the device and method are set out in theclaims, which are incorporated here by reference.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

Embodiments will now be described with reference to the figures, inwhich like reference characters denote like elements, by way of example,and in which:

FIG. 1 is a partially exploded perspective view of a vortex fountainhaving a lid and being connected to siphon water from a water source.

FIG. 2 is a partially exploded perspective view of a vortex fountainconnected to siphon water from a water source, with the vortex fountainhaving a lid and a vortex chamber that feeds a bubble chamber.

FIG. 3 is a partially exploded perspective view of a vortex fountainhaving a lid and being connected to receive and supply water from and toa basin via a pump and a supply line.

FIG. 4 is a partially exploded perspective view of a vortex fountainconnected to receive and supply water from and to a basin via a pump anda supply line, with the vortex fountain having a lid and a vortexchamber that feeds a bubble chamber.

FIG. 5 is a top plan view of the open top end of the vortex fountain ofFIG. 4 with the lid removed.

FIG. 6 is a bottom plan view of a lid used in the vortex fountain ofFIG. 4.

FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a vortex fountain used as a drinkingfountain.

FIG. 8 is a side elevation view of the vortex fountain of FIG. 4integrally mounted within an ornamental structural frame depicting agothic theme.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Immaterial modifications may be made to the embodiments described herewithout departing from what is covered by the claims.

A fountain is a piece of architecture or equipment that cycles waterthrough, out of, or over a structure to supply drinking water or for adecorative or dramatic effect. In some cases a fountain pours water intoa basin or jets it into the air for such purposes. In ancient history,fountains were originally purely functional, connected to springs oraqueducts and used to provide drinking water and water for bathing andwashing to the residents of cities, towns and villages. Until the late19th century most fountains operated by gravity, and needed a source ofwater at a higher potential energy (height) than the fountain, such as areservoir or aqueduct, to make the water flow or jet into the air.

By the end of the 19th century, as indoor plumbing became the mainsource of drinking water, urban fountains became purely decorative.Mechanical pumps replaced gravity and allowed fountains to recycle waterand to force it high into the air. Fountains are used today to decoratecity parks and squares; to honor individuals or events; for recreationor entertainment, and as fixtures in homes, offices, malls, and otherindoor applications. Drinking fountains provide clean drinking water inpublic buildings, parks and public spaces.

In fluid dynamics, a vortex is a region in a fluid in which the flowrotates around an axis line, which may be straight, curved, or morecomplex and chaotic, dynamic or steady state shapes. The plural ofvortex is either vortices or vortexes. Vortices form in stirred orpoured fluids, and may be observed in phenomena such as smoke rings,whirlpools in the wake of boat, or the winds surrounding a tornado.

Vortices are a major component of turbulent flow. The distribution ofvelocity, vorticity (the curl of the flow velocity), as well as theconcept of circulation are used to characterize vortices. In mostvortices, the fluid flow velocity is greatest next to its axis anddecreases in inverse proportion to the distance from the axis. In theabsence of external forces, viscous friction within the fluid tends toorganize the flow into a collection of irrotational vortices, possiblysuperimposed to larger-scale flows, including larger-scale vortices.Once formed, vortices can move, stretch, twist, and interact in complexways. A moving vortex carries with it some angular and linear momentum,energy, and mass.

In the absence of external forces, a vortex usually evolves fairlyquickly toward the irrotational flow pattern, where the flow velocity isinversely proportional to the distance from the axis. Irrotationalvortices are also called free vortices. By contrast, a rotationalvortex—one which has non-zero vorticity away from the core—can bemaintained indefinitely in that state only through the application ofsome extra force, that is not generated by the fluid motion itself. Forexample, if a water bucket is spun at constant angular speed w about itsvertical axis, the water will eventually rotate in rigid-body fashion.The particles will then move along circles, and the free surface of thewater will assume a parabolic shape.

Referring to FIG. 4, a vortex fountain 10 is illustrated comprising awater source, such as basin 28A, a housing 12, and a vortex chamber 14defined within the housing 12, which may be cylindrical as shown. Insome cases the water source may be omitted and the housing 12 and vortexchamber 14 may be structured to connect to a suitable water source. Thevortex chamber 14 may be connected, for example via supply line 24, toreceive water 26 from the water source. During use, the fountain 10 isoperated to cycle water through the vortex chamber 14 and out a wateroutlet 18, in some cases returning back to the water basin 28A.

Referring to FIG. 4, the water 26 in the vortex chamber 14 orientsitself into the configuration of a vortex 26A. The vortex 26A may extendfrom a top level 26B of water 26 to an opening 14B-1, which in othercases may be water outlet 18, at which point the water 26 exits thevortex chamber 14. The vortex chamber 14 may be structured to form avortex 26A. Referring to FIGS. 4 and 5, water supplied via line 24 mayenter the chamber 14 through a water inlet 16, which is defined in thevortex chamber 14 and may be oriented to direct incoming water 26 torotate, for example in a rotational direction 38, around an interiorencircling surface 14C of a side wall, such as a cylindrical side wall12A, of the housing 12. The water inlet 24B may be defined at an end ofa curved supply line 24C that wraps at least partially around theinterior encircling surface 14C. The line 24C may also be spacedradially inward relative to the surface 14C. Line 24 may enter thehousing 12 at an entry point 24A, for example in side wall 12A. Pluralinlets 24B may be used. The inlet 24B may direct incoming water in adirection 24E that is tangential to a circumference or othercross-sectional perimeter profile of surface 14C. Other mechanisms offorming a vortex may be used, such as shaping the surface 14C to rotatefluid. In some cases the location of the opening 14B-1, for examplelocated centrally at a bottom of a funnel-shaped plate 21, may cause theformation of a vortex, by a plughole vortex effect.

Referring to FIG. 4, a second chamber, such as a bubble chamber 16, maybe defined by housing 12. The vortex chamber 14 may be located above thebubble chamber 16, for example separated by a partition plate 21. Anopening 14B-1 may fluidly connect the vortex chamber 14 and the bubblechamber 16. The water outlet 18 may be defined in the bubble chamber 16.

Referring to FIG. 4, the partition plate 21 may have a suitable shape.In the example shown an upper surface 21A of the partition plate 21 istapered with decreasing width toward the bubble chamber 16, for exampledown an axis 12B of the housing 12 from a top end 14A of the vortexchamber to a base 14B of the vortex chamber 14. The shape shown is anexample of the upper surface 21A forming a funnel that terminates in theopening, which is shown as a central opening 14B-1. An undersurface 21Bof the partition plate 21 may follow the inverse of the funnel shape,for example may be shaped to define an annular cavity 23 that forms anupper portion of the bubble chamber 16. The undersurface 21B may definethe top 16A of chamber 16. The partition plate 21 may have conical orcurved conical walls 16B-1.

Referring to FIG. 8, in some embodiments all or part of the partitionplate 21 is planar. For example, the upper surface 21A may be planar,the base surface 21B may be planar, or the entire plate 21 may beplanar, for example if same forms a planar ring as shown. In some casesa combination of plates is used, for example a planar and funnel plate(not shown).

Referring to FIG. 4, bubble chamber 16 may cause air bubbles 16D topercolate within the bubble chamber 16 during use. Air bubble formationmay be caused by one or more of a variety of mechanisms. For example,the bubble chamber 16 may be structured such that an upper portion, suchas annular cavity 23, is filled with air during use, for example formingan air gap 16C overtop of a water level 26C in chamber 16. The chamber16, for example opening 14B-1, may be structured to cause turbulent flowto entrain some of the air, leading to bubble formation. In the exampleshown, the opening 14B-1 is sized to ensure that water 26 entering thebubble chamber 16 retains the rotational spin in direction 38, thusleading to turbulence in chamber 16. The water level 26C may be spacedbelow the opening 14B-1 to provide a stream of water into level 26C tocause further turbulence and bubble 16D formation. Bubbles have anaesthetically pleasing appearance within the chamber 16, and do notobstruct or interfere with the operation of the vortex 26A in chamber 14due to the separation of the chambers.

Referring to FIG. 4, the bubble effect may be managed by structuring thesizes of the opening 14B-1 and any outlets 18. For example, the wateroutlet 18 may have a minimum cross-sectional flow area that is equal toor larger than a minimum cross-sectional flow area of the opening 14B-1.If plural outlets or openings are used the calculation would requirethat the flow areas be added by the individual outlets or openings,respectively, to determine the net flow area. Because the water flowsthrough the chambers 14 and 16 by gravity, the size of the outletsdetermines the net flux across the outlets, and hence the size of theair gap 16C. Other flow area ratios may be used including having theoutlet 18 area smaller than the opening 14B-1 area. With a siphonexample, the flow area on the outlet 18 may be equal to or smaller thanthe flow area on the opening 14B-1, to cause bubbles. In the pumpedexample, any ratio may be used, including having larger flow area on theoutlets 18 than the opening 14B-1.

Referring to FIG. 4, the water outlet 18 may comprise a plurality ofwater outlets, such as outlets 18′, 18″, and 18″′. The outlets 18 may bedefined in the base or bubble chamber 16. The plurality of water outlets18 may be arranged at different angular positions about an encirclingside wall 12A of the housing 12. The use of plural outlets may add tothe bubble formation effect, for example by increasing the flux out ofthe bubble chamber 16 and/or by supplying air bubbles 16D into thechamber 16 through the outlets 18. The outlets 18 shown are short tubesthat extend from respective positions adjacent or at a base 16B of thechamber 16. Referring to FIG. 2, in some cases the outlet 18 is in thebase 16B itself.

Referring to FIG. 4, water 26 may be supplied to the vortex chamber 14by a suitable method. For example, a pump 32 may be provided, forexample on the supply line 24. A base tip 24F of the line 24 may belocated within the basin 28A, in order to suction water 26 up the line24. A suitable power source for the pump may be provided, for example apower cord 40 and plug 44 connectable to a wall-mounted or other poweroutlet 42. Other power sources may be used such as a battery or solarpanel.

Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, water 26 may also be supplied via a siphon.Water in the water source, such as reservoir 28B, may be oriented tohave a higher potential energy than water 26 in the vortex chamber 14.In the simplest example the reservoir 28B is above the vortex chamber14, with a supply line 24 connected to siphon water from the watersource into the vortex chamber 14. In another example the water may besupplied via a tap, or other source under a relatively higher pressurethan the opposing pressure produced by the water 26 in the chamber 14,to permit a net flow of water into the chamber 14. Two versions areillustrated, one housing 12 with a bubble chamber 16 (FIG. 2), and onewithout (FIG. 1) where the outlet 18 depends directly below opening14B-1. Referring to FIG. 2, a flow control device, such as a controlvalve 117A and/or 117B, or push-to-open-button valve may be used on theline 24 or at another suitable location such as on the reservoir 28B(valve 117A), on the inlet to the housing 12 (valve 117B), to initiateflow.

Referring to FIG. 4, the fountain 10 may be structured to produce thesounds, aroma, and aesthetics of running water. As shown the basin 28Amay be positioned underneath the bubble chamber 16. A base end 18A ofthe water outlet 18 may be spaced above a water level 26F in the basin28A. Such an orientation will cause streams 26E of water to eject fromends 18A and fall into basin 28A. The housing 12 may be suspended abovethe water level 26F by a suitable method, such as via a stand 36 orother frame. The water outlet 18 may be structured to be always open,for example without valves such as an on/off valve. The addition ofplural outlets 18 may increase the noise generated (and in some casenegative ions) by running water streams 26E, increasing the aestheticexperience of the fountain 10.

Referring to FIG. 4, the fountain 10 may include a lid 22. A top end,for example end 14A, of the housing 12 may be open ended as shown. Lid22 may be positionable on the top end 14A, for example by threading,friction fit, or other methods of seating the lid 22. Referring to FIGS.2 and 4, the same lid 22 is shown in the closed and open positions,respectively. Referring to FIGS. 4 and 8, the lid 22 may be sized to fitwithin an aperture 12E, for example in a collar 12C at top end 14A. Theside wall, such as cylindrical side wall 22C of lid 22, may be shaped tocorrespond with the shape of the aperture 12E. The collar 12C may have aflange 12F that seats a base end 22B of the lid 22 opposite a top end22A of the lid. Other features may be used with the lid 22, such as ahinge (not shown) to allow the lid to pivot or rotate open. Magnets (notshown), retaining walls, locks, or other parts may be used to secure thelid 22 in place. One or more finger holds (not shown) may be provided inlid 22 for ease of removal of same from housing 12.

Referring to FIGS. 4, 6, and 8, a light may be provided in fountain 10.For example, LED (light emitting diode) lights 46 may be arrayed in baseend 22B of lid 22. Other configurations may be used to provide lightsthat project into water within either or both of chambers 14 and 16. Inthe example shown the lights project down into the vortex chamber 14.The projection of light across the complex and dynamic geometry of thesurfaces of the vortex 26A leads to a chaotic and aesthetically pleasingdisplay of lights, particularly in a darkened room. The lights used maybe colored, and may be connected to a controller (not shown) to providevarious colors, lighting patterns, and effects.

Referring to FIG. 7, the housing 12 may be used in conjunction with adrinking fountain, such as a water dispenser tower 20. The chamber 14may provide a continual cycling of water in the chamber 14 and a watersource, such as a second basin (not shown), to provide the aestheticallypleasing appearance of the vortex 26A in a structure that may be used todispense water. Water may be dispensed in a suitable fashion, forexample by placing a cup or bottle in a receptacle 20C and pressing abutton, such as 20A or 20B, or otherwise opening a valve to dispensewater. It is theorized that the action of the vortex may filter outcontaminants in the water, and may form structured water, which somebelieve is healthier for the body to ingest than unstructured, standingwater.

Other features may be present on fountain 10. For example, anultraviolet light may be used to disinfect water flowing through thevortex chamber 14. Referring to FIG. 4, a filter 34 may be provided at asuitable location in the system. For example a filter 34 may be providedon one or more of the water outlet 18 or a supply line 24 connectedbetween the water source and the vortex chamber. In the example shown afilter 34A is on the line 24. Referring to FIG. 1, a filter 34B may beat the outlet 18. Other locations for filter 34 may be used. The cyclingof the water combined with the continual filtering of a filter 34 mayimprove the quality of the water over time.

The fountains 10 disclosed here may have suitable shapes and features.Referring to FIGS. 1 and 3, examples of fountains 10 are illustratedlacking a bubble chamber 16. The examples show a siphon example (FIG.1), and a pumped example (FIG. 3). Referring to FIGS. 2 and 4, examplesof fountains 10 are illustrated with a bubble chamber 16, in a siphonexample (FIG. 2) and a pumped example (FIG. 3).

Referring to FIG. 8, another embodiment is illustrated of a fountain 10.In this example a decorative structural frame 48 is used to mount thehousing 12 above the basin 28A. Decorative arms 48A wrap around thehousing 12 to support the housing 12. The supply line 24 is hidden fromview as such passes through the frame 48 to remain out of sight duringuse. A gothic feel is added to the frame 48 via columns and othercharacteristic architecture. Other fountains 10 may take suitableshapes. In some cases a plurality of fountains 10 may be used in tandem,for example to provide a wall of fountains 10.

Referring to FIG. 1, the fountain 10 may be structured to generateelectricity. An electricity generator 74 may be connected to generateelectricity by converting energy from the movement of water through thefountain 10. In the example shown an impellor 70 is mounted to a shaft72 that depends from a generator 74 mounted to lid 22. The shaft 72 maybe positioned within an air column 73 that is defined by the vortex 26A,and the impellor 70 may be located to contact water 26 that defines thevortex 26A, such that the vortex 26A will rotate the impellor 70 duringuse. The shaft 72 may be connected to rotate a rotor within a stator(not shown) of the generator 74, which may include other parts such as acopper coil and a commutator, to output electricity. The impellor 70 maybe mounted adjacent or at the base 14B of the vortex chamber 14. Thevortex 26A may spin faster in the lower, more narrow parts of the vortex26A than the broader, higher parts of the vortex 26A. Other types ofgenerators 74, including other locations of generator 74 on fountain 10may be used. For example, generator 74 may be located on outlet 18, orsupply line 24. Various reservoirs 28B may be used including awaterfall, river, ocean current, or other source of water.

Holes, openings, outlets, inlets, and slots, may be interchangeably usedhere, such that a hole may be replaced by a slot and so forth. Thefountain 10 may be structured to provide an infinity pool effect, forexample by housing 12 being open-ended and line 24 supplying an excessof water such that during use excess water spills over the perimeter rimof the housing 12. Water may be supplied to vortex chamber 14 at asuitable location, for example at base 14B, top 14A, or at a location inbetween. Two or more outlets 14B-1 may be provided between chambers 14and 16. Although fountains 10 are described here for use with water,such may be used with other fluids such as oil. Bubble chamber 16 may beremovable, for example connected to chamber 14 by threading. Thechambers 14 and 16 may form integral parts of a cylindrical housing 12.References to “during use” refer to a steady state where the net flux ofwater into the chambers 14 and 16 is zero. Pump settings and openingsizes may require calibration to achieve optimal operationalperformance.

In the claims, the word “comprising” is used in its inclusive sense anddoes not exclude other elements being present. The indefinite articles“a” and “an” before a claim feature do not exclude more than one of thefeature being present. Each one of the individual features describedhere may be used in one or more embodiments and is not, by virtue onlyof being described here, to be construed as essential to all embodimentsas defined by the claims.

The embodiments of the invention in which an exclusive property orprivilege is claimed are defined as follows:
 1. A fountain comprising: awater source; a housing; a vortex chamber defined within the housing,the vortex chamber connected to receive water from the water source; abubble chamber defined within the housing and connected to receive waterfrom the vortex chamber and cause air bubbles to percolate within thebubble chamber; and a water outlet defined in the bubble chamber, thewater outlet comprising a plurality of water outlets that are arrangedat different angular positions about an encircling side wall of thehousing.
 2. The fountain of claim 1 in which the vortex chamber islocated above the bubble chamber and separated by a partition plate withan opening that fluidly connects the vortex chamber and the bubblechamber.
 3. The fountain of claim 2 in which an upper surface of thepartition plate is tapered with decreasing width toward the bubblechamber to form a funnel that terminates in the opening.
 4. The fountainof claim 2 in which the partition plate is a planar ring.
 5. Thefountain of claim 1 in which the bubble chamber comprises water and anupper portion of the bubble chamber is filled with air.
 6. The fountainof claim 1 in which the housing is cylindrical.
 7. The fountain of claim1 further comprising a basin positioned underneath the bubble chamber,in which a base end of the water outlet is spaced above a water level inthe basin.
 8. The fountain of claim 1 in which the water sourcecomprises a basin, and further comprising a supply line connectedbetween the basin and the vortex chamber, with a pump on the supplyline.
 9. The fountain of claim 1 in which the water source is positionedat a relatively greater height than the vortex chamber with a supplyline connected to siphon water from the water source into the vortexchamber.
 10. The fountain of claim 1 further comprising a water inletdefined in the vortex chamber and connected to the water source, inwhich the water inlet is oriented to direct incoming water to rotatearound an interior encircling surface of a side wall of the housing. 11.The fountain of claim 10 in which the water inlet is defined at an endof a curved supply line that wraps at least partially around theinterior encircling surface.
 12. The fountain of claim 1 in which thewater outlet is structured to be always open.
 13. The fountain of claim1 in which a top end of the housing defining the vortex chamber is openended, and further comprising a lid positioned on the top end.
 14. Thefountain of claim 13 further comprising one or more light sourcesoriented to direct light through the lid.
 15. The fountain of claim 1further comprising a filter on one or more of the water outlet or asupply line connected between the water source and the vortex chamber.16. A method comprising operating the fountain of claim 1 to cycle waterthrough the vortex chamber and the bubble chamber.